Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C15H12N2O.2H2O |
Molecular Weight | 272.2991 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O.O.NC(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC=C13
InChI
InChIKey=UPTJXAHTRRBMJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C15H12N2O.2H2O/c16-15(18)17-13-7-3-1-5-11(13)9-10-12-6-2-4-8-14(12)17;;/h1-10H,(H2,16,18);2*1H2
DescriptionSources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/016608s097,018281s045,018927s038,020234s026lbl.pdfCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including:
https://www.drugs.com/carbamazepine.html
http://www.rxlist.com/carnexiv-drug.htm
http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbamazepine
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/016608s097,018281s045,018927s038,020234s026lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including:
https://www.drugs.com/carbamazepine.html
http://www.rxlist.com/carnexiv-drug.htm
http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine is an analgesic, anti-epileptic agent that is FDA approved for the treatment of epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia. It appears to act by reducing polysynaptic responses and blocking the post-tetanic potentiation. It depresses thalamic potential and bulbar and polysynaptic reflexes, including the linguomandibular reflex in cats. Commonly reported side effects of carbamazepine include: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, ataxia, and vomiting. Carbamazepine is a potent inducer of hepatic CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9/19, and 3A4 and may reduce plasma concentrations of concomitant medications mainly metabolized by CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9/19, and 3A4 through induction of their metabolism, like Boceprevir, Cyclophosphamide, Aripiprazole, Tacrolimus, Temsirolimus and others.
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: Q14524|||E9PFW7 Gene ID: 6331.0 Gene Symbol: SCN5A Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
152.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: Q99250 Gene ID: 6326.0 Gene Symbol: SCN2A Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
25.0 µM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: Q9NY46|||Q9Y6P4 Gene ID: 6328.0 Gene Symbol: SCN3A Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17381447 |
16.0 µM [EC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | TEGRETOL Approved UseEpilepsy Carbamazepine is indicated for use as an anticonvulsant drug. Evidence supporting efficacy of carbamazepine as an anticonvulsant was derived from active drug-controlled studies that enrolled patients with the following seizure types: 1. Partial seizures with complex symptomatology (psychomotor, temporal lobe). Patients with these seizures appear to show greater improvement than those with other types. 2. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal). 3. Mixed seizure patterns which include the above, or other partial or generalized seizures. Absence seizures (petit mal) do not appear to be controlled by carbamazepine (see PRECAUTIONS, General). Trigeminal Neuralgia Carbamazepine is indicated in the treatment of the pain associated with true trigeminal neuralgia. Beneficial results have also been reported in glossopharyngeal neuralgia. This drug is not a simple analgesic and should not be used for the relief of trivial aches or pains. Launch Date1968 |
|||
Primary | TEGRETOL Approved UseEpilepsy Carbamazepine is indicated for use as an anticonvulsant drug. Evidence supporting efficacy of carbamazepine as an anticonvulsant was derived from active drug-controlled studies that enrolled patients with the following seizure types: 1. Partial seizures with complex symptomatology (psychomotor, temporal lobe). Patients with these seizures appear to show greater improvement than those with other types. 2. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal). 3. Mixed seizure patterns which include the above, or other partial or generalized seizures. Absence seizures (petit mal) do not appear to be controlled by carbamazepine (see PRECAUTIONS, General). Trigeminal Neuralgia Carbamazepine is indicated in the treatment of the pain associated with true trigeminal neuralgia. Beneficial results have also been reported in glossopharyngeal neuralgia. This drug is not a simple analgesic and should not be used for the relief of trivial aches or pains. Launch Date1968 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.2 μg/mL |
400 mg single, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: FASTED |
|
1.9 μg/mL |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
11 μg/mL |
800 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 800 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
4.3 μg/mL |
400 mg single, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: HIGH-FAT |
|
3.2 μg/mL |
1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 1600 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE-10,11-EPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
1.5 μg/mL |
800 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 800 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE-10,11-EPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
0.11 μg/mL |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE-10,11-EPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2.2 μg/mL |
800 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 800 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE-10,11-EPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
32.6 μg × h/mL |
1600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 1600 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE-10,11-EPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
15.7 μg × h/mL |
800 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 800 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE-10,11-EPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
37.5 h |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
14.5 h |
800 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 800 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
34 h |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE-10,11-EPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
24% |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
50% |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CARBAMAZEPINE-10,11-EPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
1000 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 1000 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1000 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.1297 |
unhealthy, 73.1 ± 5.5 n = 91 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Epilepsy Age Group: 73.1 ± 5.5 Sex: M+F Population Size: 91 Sources: Page: p.1297 |
Disc. AE: Skin and subcutaneous conditions NEC, Fatigue... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Skin and subcutaneous conditions NEC (8.8%) Sources: Page: p.1297Fatigue Somnolence |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Skin and subcutaneous conditions NEC | 8.8% Disc. AE |
1000 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 1000 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1000 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.1297 |
unhealthy, 73.1 ± 5.5 n = 91 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Epilepsy Age Group: 73.1 ± 5.5 Sex: M+F Population Size: 91 Sources: Page: p.1297 |
Fatigue | Disc. AE | 1000 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 1000 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1000 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.1297 |
unhealthy, 73.1 ± 5.5 n = 91 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Epilepsy Age Group: 73.1 ± 5.5 Sex: M+F Population Size: 91 Sources: Page: p.1297 |
Somnolence | Disc. AE | 1000 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 1000 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1000 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.1297 |
unhealthy, 73.1 ± 5.5 n = 91 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Epilepsy Age Group: 73.1 ± 5.5 Sex: M+F Population Size: 91 Sources: Page: p.1297 |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
strong | yes (co-administration study) Comment: Midazolam plasma concentrations reduced dramatically in patients treated with carbamazepine and phenytoin; The CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of cyclosporin is markedly accelerated by carbamazepine comedication; Many other likely DDIs with carbamazepine. See https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8877250/ Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/016608s115_018281_s058_018927s055_020234_s047.pdf@page=10 Page: 12.0 |
|||
Page: 12.0 |
yes | |||
yes | ||||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29158009/ |
yes | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29158009/ |
yes |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: A 2- to 4-fold increase in serum carbamazepine concentrations has been reported in patients given troleandomycin or erythromycin (CYP3A4 inhibitors); Many other likely DDIs with carbamazepine. See https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8877250/ Page: 12.0 |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17584909/ Page: 6.0 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
A common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is a determinant of hyperhomocysteinemia in epileptic patients receiving anticonvulsants. | 1999 Aug |
|
Effects of the calcium antagonists verapamil and nitrendipine on carbamazepine withdrawal. | 1999 Dec |
|
[Carbamazepine induced hyponatremia]. | 1999 Jan |
|
Potential fluconazole-induced carbamazepine toxicity. | 1999 Jul-Aug |
|
A reporter gene assay to assess the molecular mechanisms of xenobiotic-dependent induction of the human CYP3A4 gene in vitro. | 1999 Mar |
|
Carbamazepine-induced hepatorenal failure in a child. | 1999 May |
|
Epileptic negative myoclonus induced by carbamazepine in a child with BECTS. Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. | 1999 Sep |
|
Carbamazepine-associated severe left ventricular dysfunction. | 2000 |
|
Worsening of symptoms of multiple sclerosis associated with carbamazepine. | 2000 Apr 22 |
|
Sodium valproate inhibits production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and activation of NF-kappaB. | 2000 Feb 28 |
|
Phenytoin poisoning after using Chinese proprietary medicines. | 2000 Jul |
|
Potential interaction between ritonavir and carbamazepine. | 2000 Jul |
|
Block of rat brain recombinant SK channels by tricyclic antidepressants and related compounds. | 2000 Jul 28 |
|
[A case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis following long-term medication with carbamazepine]. | 2000 Jun |
|
Color vision in epilepsy patients treated with vigabatrin or carbamazepine monotherapy. | 2000 May |
|
[Carbamazepine-induced hepatitis]. | 2000 Oct 10 |
|
Novel treatments for bipolar disorder. | 2001 Apr |
|
Comparison the cognitive effect of anti-epileptic drugs in seizure-free children with epilepsy before and after drug withdrawal. | 2001 Apr |
|
Illness characteristics and their association with prescription patterns for bipolar I disorder. | 2001 Feb |
|
Antiepileptic drug withdrawal in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing presurgical video-EEG monitoring. | 2001 Feb |
|
The influence of food on the bioavailability of a twice-daily controlled release carbamazepine formulation. | 2001 Feb |
|
Rufinamide: a double-blind, placebo-controlled proof of principle trial in patients with epilepsy. | 2001 Feb |
|
The response of neuropathic pain and pain in complex regional pain syndrome I to carbamazepine and sustained-release morphine in patients pretreated with spinal cord stimulation: a double-blinded randomized study. | 2001 Feb |
|
Independent short-term variability of spike-like (600 Hz) and postsynaptic (N20) cerebral SEP components. | 2001 Feb 12 |
|
A model of atypical absence seizures: EEG, pharmacology, and developmental characterization. | 2001 Feb 13 |
|
[Maintenance dose requirement for phenytoin is lowered in genetically impaired drug metabolism independent of concommitant use of other antiepileptics]. | 2001 Feb 17 |
|
Determination of drug residues in water by the combination of liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometry. | 2001 Feb 23 |
|
[Carbamazepine-induced SIADH with clinical signs of delirium]. | 2001 Jan |
|
Relief of cluster headache and cranial neuralgias. Promising prophylactic and symptomatic treatments. | 2001 Jan |
|
Ritonavir-induced carbamazepine toxicity. | 2001 Jan |
|
Acute intermittent porphyria, seizures, and antiepileptic drugs: a report on a 3-year-old Nigerian boy. | 2001 Jan |
|
Effects of antiepileptic drugs on rat platelet aggregation: ex vivo and in vitro study. | 2001 Jan |
|
[Klüver-Bucy syndrome in herpetic meningoencephalitis]. | 2001 Jan 27 |
|
Mood stabilizers and ion regulation. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
Taking the sting out of trigeminal neuralgia. | 2001 Mar |
|
Influence of retigabine on the anticonvulsant activity of some antiepileptic drugs against audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice. | 2001 Mar |
|
Association of human herpesvirus 6 infection with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. | 2001 Mar |
|
Carbamazepine prevents imipramine-induced behavioural sensitization to the dopamine D(2)-like receptor agonist quinpirole. | 2001 Mar 23 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/016608s097,018281s045,018927s038,020234s026lbl.pdf http://www.rxlist.com/carnexiv-drug/indications-dosage.htm
Curator's Comment: The total daily dose of CARNEXIV is 70% of the total daily oral carbamazepine dose from which patients are being switched. The total daily dose of CARNEXIV should be equally divided in four 30-minute infusions, separated by 6 hours.
Initial Dose: 400 mg per day.
Subsequent Dose: add up to 200 mg per day at weekly intervals.
Maximum daily dose is 1600 mg
Route of Administration:
Other
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386121
Human liver microsomes (HLMs) converted carbamazepine (30-300 microM) to 3-hydroxycarbamazepine at rates >25 times those of 2-hydroxycarbamazepine. Rates of carbamazepine 2- and 3-hydroxylation correlated strongly with CYP2B6 activity (r >or= 0.757) in a panel of HLMs (n = 8). Carbamazepine 3-hydroxylation also correlated significantly with CYP2C8 activity at a carbamazepine concentration of 30 microM.
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158856
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85756-57-6
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DTXSID00235052
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78M1RMW7Q8
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 19:17:47 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:17:47 GMT 2023
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PARENT (SALT/SOLVATE)
SUBSTANCE RECORD